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Learn›How to Trademark a Name
Registration

How to Trademark a Name: Protect Your Brand

Your business name is one of your most valuable assets — but not every name qualifies for trademark protection. Here's what the USPTO looks for, which names are easiest to register, and how to file when you're ready.

What kinds of names can be trademarked?

A name qualifies for trademark registration if it is:

  • Distinctive — it functions as a source identifier, not just a description
  • Used in commerce — or you have a genuine intent to use it
  • Not confusingly similar to an existing registered mark in a related class

The most important factor is distinctiveness. The more distinctive your name, the stronger and easier to register it will be.

The distinctiveness spectrum — what matters most

The USPTO evaluates names on a spectrum from strongest to weakest. Your name's position on this spectrum determines whether it can be registered — and how strong your protection will be:

Fanciful
Strongest
Invented words with no prior meaning. The easiest to register and protect.
Examples: KODAK, XEROX, HÄAGEN-DAZS, GOOGLE (before the company)
Arbitrary
Very Strong
Real words applied to completely unrelated products. Highly distinctive in their market.
Examples: APPLE (computers), AMAZON (e-commerce), SHELL (oil), DOVE (chocolate)
Suggestive
Strong
Words that hint at — but don't directly describe — a product's qualities. Requires imagination to make the connection.
Examples: NETFLIX, AIRBNB, CATERPILLAR (tractors), GREYHOUND (buses)
Descriptive
Weak (but registrable after 5+ years of use)
Directly describes a feature of the goods/services. Can only be registered if it has acquired "secondary meaning" through long, exclusive use.
Examples: AMERICAN AIRLINES (weak), COLD AND CREAMY (probably refused), BEST BUY (weak but registered)
Generic
Not registrable
The common name for the goods or services. Cannot be trademarked under any circumstances.
Examples: "Apple" for apples, "Car" for an auto dealer, "Software" for a software company
💡 Practical advice: If you're naming a new business, aim for arbitrary or suggestive. Fanciful is ideal but hard to invent. Descriptive names require years of use before they can be protected — and they start with no trademark protection at all.

Business name vs. personal name — different rules apply

Business / brand name
The name of your company or product line. Can be trademarked if distinctive and used in commerce to identify your goods or services. Your LLC registration does NOT give you trademark rights — that's a separate step.
Personal name (first/last)
Harder to register — surnames are considered weak marks. Can be trademarked if the name has acquired secondary meaning (famous association with goods/services) or is used in a highly stylized way. Think TRUMP, KARDASHIAN, MCDONALDS.

Business registration ≠ trademark registration

This is one of the most common misconceptions. When you register your LLC, corporation, or DBA with your state, you are not getting trademark rights. You're just registering a business entity. Another company can still operate under the same name in a different state — or even your state, if they sell different products.

Federal trademark registration is the only way to get nationwide rights that prevent others from using a confusingly similar name in your industry — regardless of where they're incorporated.

How to trademark your name: the steps

1. Search for conflicts first
Search the USPTO database for your exact name, phonetic variations, and similar names in your target class. If a very similar name is already registered for the same or related goods/services, you may need to choose a different name or consult an attorney.
2. Confirm you're using it in commerce
To file a use-in-commerce application, you need to be actively using the name to sell or advertise goods or services. If you're pre-launch, file an intent-to-use (ITU) application to lock in your priority date before you go live.
3. Choose your Nice class(es)
Identify the product/service categories your business operates in. Most small businesses file in 1–3 classes. Choosing too many classes wastes money; too few leaves gaps in your protection.
4. Prepare your specimen of use
A specimen shows the name in actual use — a website screenshot with the name displayed in connection with your products/services, a product photo, or marketing material. A logo on a white background does not count.
5. File your TEAS application
Submit through USPTO's TEAS system (or use a filing service like Searchmarq). Pay the $250–$350 per class fee. Your serial number and priority date are assigned immediately.
6. Respond to any Office Actions
If the examiner has questions or objections, you'll receive an Office Action. Respond within 3 months. Common issues: the name is too descriptive, too similar to an existing mark, or the specimen is insufficient.

Related guides

How to Do a Trademark Search
Check for conflicts before you commit to a name
›
How to Register a Trademark
The full step-by-step USPTO registration process
›
What Is a Trademark?
The difference between TM and ®, and what protection you get
›

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